Sources

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Brennan, Maggie A., Christopher E. Lalonde, and Jody L. Bain. “Body Image Perceptions: Do Gender Differences Exist?” Psi Chi Journal of Undergraduate Research. 15.3 (2010): 130-138. PDF file.
Hargreaves, Duane A., and Marika Tiggemann. “‘Body Image is for Girls’ A Qualitative Study of Boys’ Body Image.” Journal of Health Psychology 11.4 (2006): 567-576. SAGE Premier 2013. PDF file. 23 June 2015.
Leone, James E., Joyce V. Fetro, Mark Kittleson, Kathleen J. Welshimer, Julie A. Partridge, and Stacia L. Robertson. “Predictors of Adolescent Male Body Image Dissatisfaction: Implications for Negative Health Practices and Consequences for School Health from a Regionally Representative Sample.” Journal of School Health 81.4 (2011): 174-184. EBSCOhost. PDF file. 23 June 2015.
Ridgeway, Rebekah T., and Tracy L. Tylka. “College Men’s Perceptions of Ideal Body Composition and Shape.” Psychology of Men & Masculinity 6.3 (2005): 209-220. EBSCOhost PsychARTICLES. PDF file. 27 June 2015.

Eating Disorders

Murphy, R., Straebler, S., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2928448/
Thornton, L. M., Mazzeo, S. E., & Bulik, C. M. (2011). The heritability of eating disorders: Methods and current findings. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3599773/#R70

Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed: DSM-V. Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Association Press. 2013.
“American Public Opinion on Eating Disorders: A Poll Conducted on Behalf of the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA),” GMI Inc., March 2005.
Becker, A.E., Grinspoon, S.K., Klibanski, A., & Herzog, D.B. (1999). Eating disorders. The New England Journal of Medicine, 340(14), 1092-98.
Bulik, C.M., Devlin, B., Bacanu, S., Thorton, L., Klump, K.L., Fichter, M.M. & et al. (2001). Significant linkage on chromosome 10p in families with bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Human Genetics, 72, 200-207.
Fairburn, C.G. & Harrison, P.J. (2003). Eating disorders. The Lancet, 361, 407-416.
Franko, D.L. & Keel, P.K. (2006). Suicidality in eating disorders: Occurrence, correlates, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 769-782.
Grice, D.E., Halmi, K.A., Fichter, M.M., Strober, M., Woodside, D.B., Treasure, J.T. & et al. (2002). Evidence for a susceptibility gene for anorexia nervosa on chromosome 1. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70, 787-92.
James I. Hudson, Eva Hiripi, Jr., Harrison G. Pope, and Ronald C. Kessler (2007) "The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication," Biological Psychiatry, February, pp. 348-358.
Keel, P.K. (2005). Eating Disorders. Upper River Saddle: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Leigh, S. (2019). Many Patients with Anorexia Nervosa Get Better, But Complete Recovery Elusive to Most. UCSF News. (Retrieved 16 February 2021).
Mitchell, J.E., Pomeroy, C., Adson, D.E. (1997). Managing medical complications. In Garner, D.M. & Garfinkel, P.E. (Eds.), Handbook of Treatment for Eating Disorders (2nd ed.; pp. 383-393). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
NEDA (2006) “NEDA college poll finds nearly 20% have struggled with eating disorder,” press release accessed at http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/.
Steinhausen, H. (2002). The outcome of Anorexia Nervosa in the 20th century. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(8), 1284-1293.
Striegel-Moore, R.H. & Bulik, C.M. (2007). Risk factors for eating disorders. American Psychologist, 62(3), 181-198.
Wilson, G.T., Grilo, C.M., & Vitousek, K.M. (2007). Psychological treatment of eating disorders. American Psychologist, 62(3), 199-216.

Bulimia Nervosa

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed: DSM-V. Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Association Press. 2013.
“American Public Opinion on Eating Disorders: A Poll Conducted on Behalf of the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA),” GMI Inc., March 2005.

Becker, A.E., Grinspoon, S.K., Klibanski, A., & Herzog, D.B. (1999). Eating disorders. The New England Journal of Medicine, 340(14), 1092-98.
Bulik, C.M., Devlin, B., Bacanu, S., Thorton, L., Klump, K.L., Fichter, M.M. & et al. (2001). Significant linkage on chromosome 10p in families with bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Human Genetics, 72, 200-207.
Cowden, S.M. (2020). You Don't Have to Binge and Purge for a Bulimia Diagnosis. Very Well Mind. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
Fairburn, C.G. & Harrison, P.J. (2003). Eating disorders. The Lancet, 361, 407-416.
Franko, D.L. & Keel, P.K. (2006). Suicidality in eating disorders: Occurrence, correlates, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 769-782.
Grice, D.E., Halmi, K.A., Fichter, M.M., Strober, M., Woodside, D.B., Treasure, J.T. & et al. (2002). Evidence for a susceptibility gene for anorexia nervosa on chromosome 1. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70, 787-92.
James I. Hudson, Eva Hiripi, Jr., Harrison G. Pope, and Ronald C. Kessler (2007) "The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication," Biological Psychiatry, February, pp. 348-358.
Keel, P.K. (2005). Eating Disorders. Upper River Saddle: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Mitchell, J.E., Pomeroy, C., Adson, D.E. (1997). Managing medical complications. In Garner, D.M. & Garfinkel, P.E. (Eds.), Handbook of Treatment for Eating Disorders (2nd ed.; pp. 383-393). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
NEDA (2006) “NEDA college poll finds nearly 20% have struggled with eating disorder,” press release accessed at http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/.
Steinhausen, H. (2002). The outcome of Anorexia Nervosa in the 20th century. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(8), 1284-1293.
Striegel-Moore, R.H. & Bulik, C.M. (2007). Risk factors for eating disorders. American Psychologist, 62(3), 181-198.
Wilkerson, M. (2019). So You've Had a Bulimia Relapse...Now What? Recovery.org. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
Wilson, G.T., Grilo, C.M., & Vitousek, K.M. (2007). Psychological treatment of eating disorders. American Psychologist, 62(3), 199-216.

Binge-Eating Disorder

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed: DSM-V. Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Association Press. 2013.
“American Public Opinion on Eating Disorders: A Poll Conducted on Behalf of the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA),” GMI Inc., March 2005.
Becker, A.E., Grinspoon, S.K., Klibanski, A., & Herzog, D.B. (1999). Eating disorders. The New England Journal of Medicine, 340(14), 1092-98.
Bulik, C.M., Devlin, B., Bacanu, S., Thorton, L., Klump, K.L., Fichter, M.M. & et al. (2001). Significant linkage on chromosome 10p in families with bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Human Genetics, 72, 200-207.
Fairburn, C.G. & Harrison, P.J. (2003). Eating disorders. The Lancet, 361, 407-416.
Franko, D.L. & Keel, P.K. (2006). Suicidality in eating disorders: Occurrence, correlates, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 769-782.
Grice, D.E., Halmi, K.A., Fichter, M.M., Strober, M., Woodside, D.B., Treasure, J.T. & et al. (2002). Evidence for a susceptibility gene for anorexia nervosa on chromosome 1. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70, 787-92.
James I. Hudson, Eva Hiripi, Jr., Harrison G. Pope, and Ronald C. Kessler (2007) "The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication," Biological Psychiatry, February, pp. 348-358.
Keel, P.K. (2005). Eating Disorders. Upper River Saddle: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Mitchell, J.E., Pomeroy, C., Adson, D.E. (1997). Managing medical complications. In Garner, D.M. & Garfinkel, P.E. (Eds.), Handbook of Treatment for Eating Disorders (2nd ed.; pp. 383-393). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
NEDA (2006) “NEDA college poll finds nearly 20% have struggled with eating disorder,” press release accessed at http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/.
Steinhausen, H. (2002). The outcome of Anorexia Nervosa in the 20th century. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(8), 1284-1293.
Striegel-Moore, R.H. & Bulik, C.M. (2007). Risk factors for eating disorders. American Psychologist, 62(3), 181-198.
Wilson, G.T., Grilo, C.M., & Vitousek, K.M. (2007). Psychological treatment of eating disorders. American Psychologist, 62(3), 199-216.

Orthorexia Nervosa (AN)

Aksoydan, E., & Camci, N. (2009). Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among Turkish performance artists. Eating and Weight disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 14(1), 33-37.
Bratman, S. (2016). Orthorexia comes of age: Perspectives on the ‘healthy’ eating disorder. [PowerPoint slides].
Brytek-Matera, A. (2012). Orthorexia nervosa – an eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or disturbed eating habit?. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 1(1), 55-60.
Brytek-Matera, A., Donini, L. M., Krupa, M., Poggiogalle, E., & Hay, P. (2015). Orthorexia nervosa and self-attitudinal aspects of body image in female and male university students. Journal of Eating Disorders, 3(1), 2.
Chaki, B., Pal, S., & Bandyopadhyay, A. (2013). Exploring scientific legitimacy of orthorexia nervosa: A newly emerging eating disorder. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 8(4), 1045-1053.
Donini, L. M., Marsili, D., Graziani, M. P., Imbriale, M., & Cannella, C. (2004). Orthorexia nervosa: A preliminary study with a proposal for diagnosis and an attempt to measure the dimension of the phenomenon. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 9(2), 151-157.
Dunn, T. M., & Bratman, S. (2015). On orthorexia nervosa: A review of the literature and proposed diagnostic criteria. Eating Behaviors, 21, 11-17.
Farooq, A., & Bradbury, J. (2016). Orthorexia nervosa in university athletes. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 75(OCE3).
Haupt, A. (2011, April 10). Healthy-eating fixation can turn very unhealthy: Orthorexia can lead to nutritional deficiencies and malnourishment. Chicago Tribune, p. 6-21.
Kinzl, J. F., Hauer, K., Traweger, C., & Kiefer, I. (2005). Orthorexia nervosa. Eine häufige Essstörung bei Diätassistentinnen. Ernahrungs-Umschau, 11, 436-439.
Korinth, A., Schiess, S., & Westenhoefer, J. (2010). Eating behavior and eating disorders in students of nutrition sciences. Public Health Nutrition, 13(1), 32-37.
Poyraz, C. A., Tüfekçioğlu, E. Y., Özdemir, A., Baş, A., Kani, A. S., Erginöz, E., & Duran, A. (2015). Relationship between orthorexia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder.Yeni Symposium, 53(4), 22-26.
Ramacciotti, C. E., Perrone, P., Coli, E., Burgalassi, A., Conversano, C., Massimetti, G., & Dell’Osso, L. (2011). Orthorexia nervosa in the general population: A preliminary screening using a self-administered questionnaire (ORTO-15). Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 16(2), e127-e130.
Scarff J. R. (2017). Orthorexia Nervosa: An Obsession With Healthy Eating. Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS, 34(6), 36–39.

Otherwise Specified feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED)

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed: DSM-V. Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Association Press. 2013.
“American Public Opinion on Eating Disorders: A Poll Conducted on Behalf of the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA),” GMI Inc., March 2005.
Becker, A.E., Grinspoon, S.K., Klibanski, A., & Herzog, D.B. (1999). Eating disorders. The New England Journal of Medicine, 340(14), 1092-98.
Bulik, C.M., Devlin, B., Bacanu, S., Thorton, L., Klump, K.L., Fichter, M.M. & et al. (2001). Significant linkage on chromosome 10p in families with bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Human Genetics, 72, 200-207.
Fairburn, C.G. & Harrison, P.J. (2003). Eating disorders. The Lancet, 361, 407-416.
Franko, D.L. & Keel, P.K. (2006). Suicidality in eating disorders: Occurrence, correlates, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 769-782.
Grice, D.E., Halmi, K.A., Fichter, M.M., Strober, M., Woodside, D.B., Treasure, J.T. & et al. (2002). Evidence for a susceptibility gene for anorexia nervosa on chromosome 1. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70, 787-92.
James I. Hudson, Eva Hiripi, Jr., Harrison G. Pope, and Ronald C. Kessler (2007) "The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication," Biological Psychiatry, February, pp. 348-358.
Keel, P.K. (2005). Eating Disorders. Upper River Saddle: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Mitchell, J.E., Pomeroy, C., Adson, D.E. (1997). Managing medical complications. In Garner, D.M. & Garfinkel, P.E. (Eds.), Handbook of Treatment for Eating Disorders (2nd ed.; pp. 383-393). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Muhlheim, L.P. (2020). Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorder (OSFED): What You Need to Know. VeryWellMind.com. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
NEDA (2006) “NEDA college poll finds nearly 20% have struggled with eating disorder,” press release accessed at http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/.
Steinhausen, H. (2002). The outcome of Anorexia Nervosa in the 20th century. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(8), 1284-1293.
Striegel-Moore, R.H. & Bulik, C.M. (2007). Risk factors for eating disorders. American Psychologist, 62(3), 181-198.
Wilson, G.T., Grilo, C.M., & Vitousek, K.M. (2007). Psychological treatment of eating disorders. American Psychologist, 62(3), 199-216.

Body and Beauty Standards

American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (2019). Americans Spent More than $16.5 Billion on Cosmetic Plastic Surgery in 2018. Retrieved from https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/press-releases/americans-spent-more-than-16-billion-on-cosmetic-plastic-surgery-in-2018
American Society of Plastic Surgeons (2017). “Who Is Appropriately Qualified to Perform Cosmetic Surgery? 'Confusing Jargon' Contributes to Misperceptions.” American Society of Plastic Surgeons. www.plasticsurgery.org/news/press-releases/who-is-appropriately-qualified-to-perform-cosmetic-surgery-confusing-jargon-contributes-to-misperceptions.
“France Bans Extremely Thin Models.” BBC News, BBC, 6 May 2017, www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39821036.
Hoff, V. (2019). This Is the "Ideal" Body Type, According to a New Survey. Retrieved from https://www.byrdie.com/body-standards-survey
Lukács-Márton R, Vásárhelyi E, Szabó P. [Entrapped by the beauty industry: eating and body attitudes of those working in the beauty industry]. Psychiatria Hungarica : A Magyar Pszichiatriai Tarsasag Tudomanyos Folyoirata. (2008) 23(6):455-463. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19218627/
Markets, R. A. (2020). Global Cosmetic Skin Care Industry (2020 to 2027) - Market Trajectory & Analytics. Retrieved from https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/09/25/2099275/0/en/Global-Cosmetic-Skin-Care-Industry-2020-to-2027-Market-Trajectory-Analytics.html#:~:text=The Cosmetic Skin Care market,analysis period 2020 to 2027.
Mozes, A. (2014). Underweight Even Deadlier Than Overweight, Study Says. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20140328/underweight-even-deadlier-than-overweight-study-says#:~:text=FRIDAY, March 28, 2014 (,ob
Naer, Danielle (2020). The Best Plus Size Model Moments from Fashion Month Spring 2021. TZR (The Zoe Report). Retrieved April 2, 2020. https://www.thezoereport.com/p/these-plus-size-models-at-fashion-week-spring-2021-made-history-amidst-a-pivotal-season-35367504

Male vs. Female Body Image

Brennan, Maggie A., Christopher E. Lalonde, and Jody L. Bain. “Body Image Perceptions: Do Gender Differences Exist?” Psi Chi Journal of Undergraduate Research. 15.3 (2010): 130-138. PDF file.
Burlew, Larry D., and W. Matthew Shurts. “Men and Body Image: Current Issues and Counseling Implications.” Journal of Counseling & Development 91.4 (2013): 428-435. EBSCOhost Business Source Elite. PDF file. 8 July 2015.
Doyle, David Matthew and Renee Engeln. “Body Size Moderates the Association Between Gay Community Identification and Body Image Disturbance.” Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 1.3 (2014): 279-284. EBSCOhost PsychARTICLES. PDF file. 28 June 2015.
Hargreaves, Duane A., and Marika Tiggemann. “‘Body Image is for Girls’ A Qualitative Study of Boys’ Body Image.” Journal of Health Psychology 11.4 (2006): 567-576. SAGE Premier 2013. PDF file. 23 June 2015.

Male Body Image Overview

Barrow, Martin. “Body Image? It’s Not Just a Feminine Issue.” The Times [UK] 17 Jan. 2012: 8-9. Searchasaurus. Web. 10 July 2015.
Burlew, Larry D., and W. Matthew Shurts. “Men and Body Image: Current Issues and Counseling Implications.” Journal of Counseling & Development 91.4? (2013): 428-435. EBSCOhost Business Source Elite. PDF file. 8 July 2015.
Castonguay, Andree L., Eva Pila, Carsten Wrosch, and Catherine M. Sabiston. “Body-Related Self-Conscious Emotions Relate to Physical Activity Motivation and Behavior in Men.” American Journal of Men’s Health 9.3 (2014): 209-221. SAGE Premier 2013. PDF file. 23 June 2015.
Daniel, Samantha, and Sara K. Bridges. “The Relationships Among Body Image, Masculinity, and Sexual Satisfaction in Men.” Psychology of Men & Masculinity 14.4 (2013): 345-351. EBSCOhost. PDF file. 27 June 2015.
McFarland, Michael B., and Trent A. Petrie. “Male Body Satisfaction: Factorial and Construct Validity of the Body Parts Satisfaction Scale for Men.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 59.2 (2012): 329-337. EBSCOhost. PDF file. 23 June 2015.
Ridgeway, Rebekah T., and Tracy L. Tylka. “College Men’s Perceptions of Ideal Body Composition and Shape.” Psychology of Men & Masculinity 6.3 (2005): 209-220. EBSCOhost PsychARTICLES. PDF file. 27 June 2015.
Schooler, Deborah, and L. Monique Ward. “Average Joes: Men’s Relationships with Media, Real Bodies, and Sexuality.” Psychology of Men & Masculinity. 7.1 (2006): 27-41. PDF file.

Boys and Body Image

Hargreaves, Duane A., and Marika Tiggemann. “‘Body Image is for Girls’ A Qualitative Study of Boys’ Body Image.” Journal of Health Psychology 11.4 (2006): 567-576. SAGE Premier 2013. PDF file. 23 June 2015.
Kadaba, Lini S. “This Halloween, Boys are All Beefcake.” The Philadelphia Inquirer 30 Oct. 2009: n.p. Searchasaurus. Web. 11 July 2015.
Lyles, Annmarie A. “How Adolescent Boys Perceive Their Bodies, Body Parts, and Weight: Letting Adolescent Boys’ Voices be Heard.” Overweight and Obesity. Spec. issue of Journal of Pediatric Nursing 29.6 (2014): 555-563. PDF file.
Pope,H. G., Phillips, K. A., & Olivardia, R. (2000). The Adonis complex: The secret crisis of male body obsession. New York: Free Press.

Cross-Cultural Perspectives

Becker, A. E. (1995) Body, Self, and Society: The View from Fiji, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Becker, A. E., Burwell, R. A., Gilman, S. E., Herzog, D. B., & Hamburg, P. (2002) Eating behaviors and attitudes following prolonged exposure to television among ethnic Fijian adolescent girls. British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 180, pp. 509-514.
Pollock, N. J. (1995) Cultural elaborations of obesity – fattening practices in Pacific societies. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 4, pp. 357-360.
Sobo, E. J. (1993) The Sweetness of Fat: Health, Procreation, and Sociability in Rural Jamaica. In Sault, N. (Ed.), Many Mirrors: Body Image and Social Relations (pp.132-154). New Brunswick, New Jersey

College Students & Body Image

Fardouly, Jasmine, Brydie K. Willburger, and Lenny R. Vartanian. 2018. “Instagram Use and Young Women’s Body Image Concerns and Self-Objectification: Testing Mediational Pathways.” New Media & Society 20(4): 1380–95.
Reiter, E. Miranda, and Shannon N. Davis. 2014. “GENDERED PERSONALITIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF EATING DISORDERS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS.” International Review of Modern Sociology 40(1): 27–39.
Taylor, Julia V., and Donna M. Gibson. 2016. “Crisis on Campus: Eating Disorder Intervention from a Developmental-Ecological Perspective.” Journal of American College Health 64(3): 251–55.
Temimah, Zucker. 2017. “Eatings Disorders vs. Disordered Eating: What’s the Difference?” National Eating Disorders Association. https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/blog/eating-disorders-versus-disordered-eating (access, March 28, 2020).

The Media

Dockterman, E. (2016). Barbie Has a New Body -- Cover Story. Time online. Retrieved from https://time.com/barbie-new-body-cover-story/

Halliwell E., Dittmar H., Orsborn A. (2007) The effects of exposure to muscular male models among men: Exploring the moderating role of gym use and exercise motivation. Body Image 4:278–287.

“Media & Eating Disorders.” National Eating Disorders Association, 22 Feb. 2018. www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/media-eating-disorders.

Rodgers, R. F., Kruger, L., Lowy, A. S., Long, S., & Richard, C. (2019). Getting real about body image: A qualitative investigation of the usefulness of the Aerie Real campaign. Body Image 30: 127-134.

Gender, Sex, Sexuality & Body Image

Intersexuality & Body Image

Chase, C. (1998). Hermaphrodites with attitude; mapping the emergence of intersex political activism. Journal of Lesbian Gay Studies, 189-211.
Chase, C. (1997). Hermaphrodites Speak! Rohnert Park: Intersex Society of North America.
Diamond, M. (1997). Sexual identity and sexual orientation in children with traumatized or ambiguous genitalia. The Journal of Sex Research, 34, 199-211.
Goel, I. 2019. India’s Third Gender Arises Again. Sapiens. https://www.sapiens.org/biology/hijra-india-third-gender/
Intersex Society of North America. (2008). Intersex society of North America. Retrieved May 8. 2009, from Intersex Society of North America
Koyama, E. (2008). Intersex medical treatment and sexual trauma. Intersex Initiative Retrieved May 12, 2008, from Intersex Initiative
Preves, S. E. (2002). Sexing the intersexed: an analysis of sociocultural responses to intersexuality. Signs, 27, 523-556.
Reddy,G. (2005) With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Turner, S. T. (1999). Intersex identities: locating new intersections of sex and gender. Gender and Society, 13, 457-479.
Vilain, E. (2006). Genetics of intersexuality. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 10, 9- 26.

Transgenderism & Body Image

Barres, B. (2005). The Hands of God. In D. Rudacille (Ed.), The Riddle of Gender. New York: Pantheon Books.
Benjamin, H. (1966). The Transsexual Phenomenon. New York: Julian Press.
Brown, M., & Rounsley, C. (1996). True Selves. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Bullough, V. (2000). Transgenderism and the Concept of Gender. The International Journal of Transgenderism .
Chappell, B. (2016, July 01). 1.4 Million Adults Identify As Transgender In America, Study Says. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/30/484253324/1-4-million-adults-identify-as-transgender-in-america-study-says
Conway, L. (2004). Lynn's Story. Available http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/LynnsStory.html
Cram, B. (Director). (1996). You Don't Know Dick: Courageous Hearts of Transsexual Men [Motion Picture].
Fausto-Sterling, A. (2000) Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality. New York: Basic Books.
Feinberg, L. (1996). Transgender Warriors. Boston: Beacon Press.
Girshick, L. (2008). Transgender Voices. Hanover: University Press of New England.
Greenberg, D., Najle, M., Jackson, N., Bola, O., Jones, R. America's Growing Support for Transgender Rights. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.prri.org/research/americas-growing-support-for-transgender-rights/
HBIGDA (Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association)(2001). Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders, Sixth Version.
Heath, R. (2006). The Praeger Handbook of Transsexuality. Westport, Conn: Praeger.
Kailey, M. (2005). Just Add Hormones. Boston: Beacon Press.
Lorber, J. (1994). Paradoxes of Gender. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Mason-Schrock, D. (1996, September). Transsexuals' Narrative Construction of the "True Self". Social Psychology Quarterly , 176-192.
McCloskey, D. (1999). Crossing: A Memoir. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Meyerowitz, J. (2002). How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Reddy, G. (2005) With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
Steiner, B., Blanchard, R., & Zucker, K. (1985). Introduction. In B. Steiner (Ed.), Gender Dysphoria: Development, Research, and Management. New York: Plenum.
Stryker, S. (2005). Through Science to Justice. In D. Rudacille (Ed.), The Riddle of Gender. New York: Pantheon Books.
White H., Rose A., Pachankis J., Reisner S. (2017). Barriers to gender transition-related healthcare: identifying underserved transgender adults in Massachusetts. Transgender Health 2:1, 107–118, DOI: 10.1089/trgh.2017.0014.
Wilson, R. (1996, February 16). Leading Economist Stuns Field by Deciding to Become a Woman. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Transgenderism & Body Image

Bloom, A. (2002). Conservative men in conservative dresses. The Atlantic Monthly, 289(4), 94-102.
Brown, J. B. (2001). Doing drag: A visual case study of gender performance and gay masculinities. International Visual Sociology Association, 16(1), 37-54.
Docter, R. F., & Prince, V. (1997). Transvestism: A survey of 1032 cross-dressers. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26(6), 589-605.
Garber, M. (1992). Vested Interests: Cross-Dressing & Cultural Anxiety. New York: Routledge.
Hopkins, S. J. (2004). “Let the drag race begin”: The rewards of becoming a queen. Journal of Homosexuality, 46(3-4), 135-149.
Jacob, J., & Cerny, C. (2004). Radical drag appearances and identity: The embodiment of male femininity and social critique. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 22(3), 122-134.
McGuire, J. K., Doty, J. L., Catalpa, J. M., & Ola, C. (2016). Body image in transgender young people: Findings from a qualitative, community based study. Body Image 18: 96-107. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1740144516302236
Schacht, S. P. (2004). Beyond the boundaries of the classroom: Teaching about gender and sexuality at a drag show. Journal of Homosexuality, 46(3-4), 225-240.
Schacht, S. P. (2002). Lesbian drag kings and the feminine embodiment of the masculine. Journal of Homosexuality, 43(3-4), 75-98.
Schacht, S. P., & Underwood, L. (2004). The absolutely fabulous but flawlessly customary world of female impersonators. Journal of Homosexuality, 46(3), 1-17.
Shapiro, E (2007). Drag kinging and the transformation of gender identities. Gender & Society, 21(2), 250-271.
Taylor, V., & Rupp, L. J. (2004). “Chicks with dicks, men in dresses”: What it means to be a drag queen. Journal of Homosexuality, 46(3), 113-133.

Cross-Dressing and Body Image

Gilbert, M. A. (2014, May 01). Cross-Dresser. Transgender Studies Quarterly. 1(1-2): 65-67.
National Center for Transgender Equality. Understanding Drag. (2017).
O’Brien, J. (2018). The Psychology of Drag.
Transvestic Disorder. (2019).

Precocious Puberty & Body Image

Brody, Jane E. "Personal Heath; Yesterday's Precocious Puberty is Norm Today." New York Times 30 Nov. 1992: 1-2.
Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne, and Anne C. Petersen. Girls at Puberty. New York: Plenum P, 1983.
Chopak-Foss, Joanne, Bridget F. Melton, and Swati Raychowdhury. "Precocious Puberty in Girls: Implications for Teen Pregnancy Prevention." Georgia Southern University. 2008.
Diamond, Erin. Big Feet, Training Bras, and "Going All the Way": Precocious Puberty's Impact on Women's Sexuality. 2009. Paper written for the Midwest Sociological Society Annual Conference, Des Moines, Iowa.
Lemonick, Michael D. "Teens Before Their Time." Time 30 Oct. 2000: 1-7.
Money, John, and Paul A. Walker. "Psychosexual Development, Maternalism, Nonpromiscuity, and Body Image in 15 Females with Precocious Puberty." Archives of Sexual Behavior 1 (1971): 45-60.
Mouidsen, Svend E., and Flemming W. Larson. "Psychological Aspects of Precocious Puberty: An Overview." Acta Paedopsychiatrica 1992 (1992): 45-49.
Posner, Rachel B. "Early Menarche: A Review of Research on Trends in Timing, Racial Differences and Psychosocial Consequences." Sex Roles 54 (2006): 315-22.
Siegel, Judith M., Antronette K. Yancey, Carlos S. Anerhensel, and Roberleigh Schuler. "Body Image, Perceived Pubertal Timing, and Adolescent Mental Health." Journal of Adolescent Health 25 (1999): 155-65.
Talpade, Medha. "African American Child-Women: Nutrition Theory Revisited." Adolescence 41 (2006): 91-101.
Talpade, Medha, and Salil Talpade. "Early Puberty in African-American Girls: Nutrition Past and Present." Adolescence 36 (2001): 789-93.
Tremblay, Line, and Jean-Yves Frigon. "Precocious Puberty in Adolescent Girls: A Biomarker of Later Psychosocial Adjustment Problems." Child Psychiatry and Human Development 36 (2005): 73-91.
Weir, Kirsten. "The Risks of Earlier Puberty." Monitor on Psychology 47.3 (March 2016). https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/03/puberty. RetrievedMay 2021

Infertility & Body Image

Abby, A., Andrews, F. M., & Halman, L. J. (1992). Infertility and subjective well-being: the mediating roles of self-esteem, internal control, and interpersonal conflict. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, 408-417.
Afek, D. (1990). Sarah and the women's movement: the experience of infertility. Motherhood: A Feminist Perspective. London: Haworth Press.
Alamin, S., Allahyari, T., Ghorbani, B., Sadeghitabar, A., & Karami, M. T. (2020). Failure in Identity Building as the Main Challenge of Infertility: A Qualitative Study. Journal of reproduction & infertility, 21(1), 49–58.
Buck, G. M., Sever, L. E., Batt, R. E., & Mendola, P. (1997). Life-style factors and female infertility. Epidemiology, 8(4), 435-441.
Clarke, L. H., Martin-Matthews, A, & Matthews, R. (2006). The continuity and discontinuity of the embodied self in infertility. CRSA/RCSA, 43.1, 95-113.
Covington, S. N. & Burns, L. H. (2006). Infertility Counseling: A Comprehensive
Handbook for Clinicians. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Davis, D. C. (1987). A Conceptual Framework for Infertility. Journal of Obstetric,Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 16(1), 30-35.
Dunkel-Schetter, C. & Lobel, M. (1991). “Psychological Reactions to Infertility.”Infertility: Prospectives from Stress and Coping Research. New York: Plenum Press.
Elson, J. (2004). Am I Still a Woman? Hysterectomy and Gender Identity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Fjällbrant, B. (1975). Autoimmune human sperm antibodies and age in males. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 43, 145-148.
Griel, A. L. et al. (1990). Sex and intimacy among infertile couples. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. 2(2), 117-138.
Greil, A. (1997). Infertility and psychological distress: A critical review of the literature. Soc. Sci. Med., 44(11), 1679-1704.
Herer, E. & Holzapfel, S. (1993). The medical causes of infertility and their effects on sexuality. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 2(3), 113-120.
Higgins, B. S. (1990). Couple infertility: from the perspective of the close relationship model. Family Relations, 39, 81-86.
Karamidehkordi, A., & Roudsari, R. L. (2014). Body image and its relationship with sexual function and marital adjustment in infertile women. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 19(7 Suppl 1), S51–S58.
Mogobe, D. K. (2005). Denying and preserving self: Batswana women’s experiences of infertility. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 9(2), 26-37.
Samucidine, M., Barreto, J., Folgosa, E., Mondlane, C., & Bergström, S. (1999). Infertile women in developing countries at potentially high risk of HIV transmission. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 3(1), 98-102.
Weiss, R. (1987). Autoimmunity may cause infertility. Science News, 132(4), 52-53.

Disability, Illness & Non-normative Bodies

Disability & Body Image

CDC. Disability and Health Overview. (2020, September 16). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/disability.html
Fine, Michelle and Adrienne Asch, (eds). 1988. Women with Disabilities: Essays in Psychology, Culture, and Politics. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Frank, Gelya. 2000. Venus on Wheels: Two Decades of Dialogue on Disability, Biography, and Being Female in America. University of California Press.
Fuchs, Thomas. 2005. Corporealized and Disembodied Minds: A Phenomenological View of the Body in Melancholia and Schizophrenia. “The John Hopkins University Press” Vol.12, No.2.
Gerschick, Thomas and Holly Aldrich. 2008. Sex Gender and Disability: Mapping the Landscape.
Gerschick, Thomas J. 1998. Sisyphus in a Wheelchair: Men with Physical Disabilities Confront Gender Domination. Pp. 189-211 in “Everyday Inequalities: Critical Inquiries” edited by Judith Howard and Jodi O’Brien. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Gerschick, Thomas J. 2000. Toward a Theory of Disability and Gender. “Signs, 25 (4): 1263-1268.”
Leary, A. (2019), When You’re in a Wheelchair, Feeling Attractive Can Be Hard -- Here’s Why.
Taleporos, George and Marita P. McCabe. 2002. The Impact of Physical Disability on Body Esteem. “Sexuality and Disability” Vol. 19, No. 4. Human Science Press Inc.
Taleporos, George and Marita P. McCabe. 2002. Body Image and Physical Disability—Personal Perspectives. “Social Science & Medicine.”
World Bank. Disability Inclusion Overview. (2021, March 19). Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disability
Zola, Irving. 1982. Missing Pieces: A Chronicle of Living with a Disability. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Illness & Body Image

Bury, Michael (2006). The sociology of medical illness: a review of research and prospects. Sociology of Health & Illness. 13, 451-468.
Charmaz, K. (1991). Good days, bad days: The self in chronic illness and time. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
Fife, B.L. and Wright, E.R. (2000). The dimensionality of stigma: A comparison of its impact on the self of persons with HIV/AIDS and cancer. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41(March), 50-67.
Garro, L (2000). Cultural meaning, explanations of illness, and the development of comparative frameworks. Ethnology, 39.
Thompson, J.K. (1990). Body image disturbance: Assessment and treatment. New York: Pergamon Press.
Vamos, M. (1993). Body image in chronic illness- a reconceptualization. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 23(2), 163-178.

Body Modification & Body Image

Atkinson, Michael (2004). Figuring out body modification cultures: Interdependence and radical body modification processes. Health, 8, 373-379.
Atkinson, Michael (2008). Exploring male femininity in the ‘crisis’: Men and cosmetic surgery. Body & Society. 14, 67-87.
Barker, D.J., & Barker, M.J. (2002). The body as art. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 1, 88-93.
Beale, Solveig, B.Sc., Hambert, Gunnar, M.D., Lisper, Hans-Olof, Ph.D., Ohlsen, Lennart, M.D., & Palm, Bodil, B.Sc. (1985). Augmentation mammaplasty: The surgical and psychological effects of the operation and prediction of the result. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 14, 473-493.
Bendle, Mervyn (2004). In the flesh; the cultural politics of body modification. Journal of
Sociology, 40, 193-194.
Carroll, L., & Anderson, R. (2002). Body piercing, tattooing, self-esteem, and body investment in adolescent girls. Adolescence, 37, 627-637.
Deleo, Vincent, M.D., & Silvan, M., Ph.D. (2006, May 23). Tanning and health risks. The New York Times.
Hong, Fan (1997). Footbinding, feminism and freedom: The liberation of women's bodies in modern China. London, England: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Houghton, S.J., PhD, Durkin, K., PhD, Parry, E., M.ED., Turbett, Y., B.Se., & Odgers, P., B.Se. (1996). Amateur tattooing practices and beliefs among high school adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health. 19, 420-425.
Jeffreys, Sheila (2000). 'Body art' and social status: Cutting, tattooing and piercing from a feminist perspective. Feminism & Psychology, 10, 409-427.
Jennings, Josh (2009 April 26). On the cutting edge. Sunday Age.
Kaatz, M., MD, Elsner, P., MD, & Bauer, A., MD. Body-modifying concepts and dermatologic problems: tattooing and piercing. Clinics in Dermatology, 26, 35-44.
Kang, M, & Jones, K. (2007). Why do people get tattoos?. Contexts, 6, 42-47.
Larkin, Brenda G., RN. (February 2004). Home study program: The ins and outs of body piercing. AORN Journal, 79, 333-341.
Lipworth, Loren, ScD, Nyren, Olof, MD, Ye, Weimin, PhD, Fryzek, Jon P., PhD, Tarone, Robert E., PhD, & McLaughlin, Joseph K., PhD (2007). Excess mortality from suicide and other external causes of death among women with cosmetic breast implants. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 59, 119-123.
Looking Fit Magazine (2009) “The indoor tanning market,” May 18, 2009.
Mann, Denise (2009). 2008 Statistics on cosmetic plastic surgery from ASAPS. Available http://www.yourplasticsurgeryguide.com/trends/charts-graphs-2008.htm.
Pitts, Victoria (2000). Visibly queer: Body technologies and sexual politics. The Sociological Quarterly, 41, 443-463.
Pitts, Victoria (June 2002). Reading the body through a cultural lens. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 31, 361-372.
Riordan, Gretchen (2007). The corset controversy: Author(is)ing the subject in/of tight-lacing. Social Semiotics. 17, 263-273.
Warthan, T. Uchida, R. Wagner, Jr. (2005) UV Light Tanning as a Type of Substance-Related Disorder. Archives of Dermatology, vol 141: pp 963-966

Fatism

Council on Size and Weight Discrimination
Goodman, W. (1995) The Invisible Woman: Confronting Weight Prejudice in America, Carlsbad: Gurze Books.
Kristen, E. (2000). Addressing the Problem of Weight discrimination in Employment. California Law Review, Vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 57-109.
Maine, M. (2000) Body Wars: Making Peace With Women’s Bodies, Carlsbad: Gurze Books.